Which of these is a secondary pollutant that is included in Air Quality Index (AQI) calculations?
Which of these is a secondary pollutant that is included in Air Quality Index (AQI) calculations?
इनमें से कौन सा एक द्वितीयक प्रदूषक है जिसे वायु गुणवत्ता सूचकांक (AQI) की गणनाओं में शामिल किया जाता है?
Detailed Solution & Logic
\(O_3\)
Explanation / व्याख्या
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Primary vs Secondary Pollutants / प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक प्रदूषक
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Primary Pollutants / प्राथमिक प्रदूषक:
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Emitted directly from sources / सीधे उत्सर्जन स्रोत से छोड़े जाते हैं।
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Examples: SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀
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Sources: Vehicles, Industries, Power Plants / स्रोत: वाहन, उद्योग, पावर प्लांट
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Secondary Pollutants / द्वितीयक प्रदूषक:
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Not emitted directly / सीधे उत्सर्जन से नहीं बनते।
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Formed by chemical reactions of primary pollutants in sunlight / धूप में प्राथमिक प्रदूषकों की रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया से बनते हैं।
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Example: O₃ (Ozone / ओज़ोन)
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Ozone Formation / ओज़ोन का निर्माण
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O₃ is formed when NO₂ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react under sunlight.
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Chemical Reaction / रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया:
NO_2 +sunlight
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Explanation / विवरण: Sunlight splits NO₂ into NO and oxygen atoms; these free oxygen atoms combine with O₂ to form O₃.
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धूप NO₂ को तोड़ती है, ऑक्सीजन परमाणु O₂ के साथ मिलकर ओज़ोन बनाते हैं।
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Health & Environmental Impact / स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण पर प्रभाव
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Causes respiratory problems, eye and throat irritation / फेफड़ों की समस्याएँ, आंखों और गले में जलन
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Damages crops and vegetation / फसल और पौधों को नुकसान
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Strong greenhouse gas / ग्रीनहाउस गैस
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AQI Inclusion / AQI में शामिल करना
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AQI monitors both primary and secondary pollutants / वायु गुणवत्ता सूचकांक दोनों प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक प्रदूषकों की निगरानी करता है।
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O₃ is specifically included / ओज़ोन विशेष रूप से शामिल है due to its health impact.
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Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
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Good ozone (Stratosphere / स्ट्रैटोस्फियर में) protects from UV rays / पराबैंगनी किरणों से बचाव।
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Bad ozone (Troposphere / ट्रोपोस्फियर में) is a pollutant affecting health / स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित करने वाला प्रदूषक।
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Other AQI pollutants / अन्य AQI प्रदूषक: PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃, NH₃, Pb
Answer / उत्तर: O₃ (Ozone / ओज़ोन) ✅
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