The “Evil Quartet” responsible for biodiversity loss, as identified in ecology, includes habitat loss, over‑exploitation, alien species invasion, and :
The “Evil Quartet” responsible for biodiversity loss, as identified in ecology, includes habitat loss, over‑exploitation, alien species invasion, and :
पारिस्थितिकी में पहचाने गए जैव विविधता की क्षति(हानि) के लिए जिम्मेदार “ईविल क्वार्टेट ( चार मुख्य कारण) में आवास क्षति अतिदोहन , विदेशी/आक्रामक प्रजातियों का आक्रमण और निम्नलिखित शामिल हैं
Detailed Solution & Logic
Co-extinction processes/ सह-विलुप्ति की प्रक्रियाएँ
Explanation / व्याख्या
The “Evil Quartet” is a term used by ecologist Norman Myers to describe the four major causes of biodiversity loss. These are:
Evil Quartet (चार प्रमुख कारण):
- Habitat Loss and Fragmentation – आवास का विनाश एवं विखंडन
- Over-exploitation – अतिदोहन
- Alien Species Invasion – विदेशी/आक्रामक प्रजातियों का आक्रमण
- Co-extinction – सह-विलुप्ति
Co-extinction occurs when one species becomes extinct and another species that depends on it also becomes extinct.
सह-विलुप्ति (Co-extinction) तब होती है जब किसी एक प्रजाति के विलुप्त होने पर उस पर निर्भर दूसरी प्रजाति भी विलुप्त हो जाती है।
Example / उदाहरण
- If a host fish species becomes extinct, the parasites dependent on it may also disappear.
- यदि कोई मेजबान (Host) मछली विलुप्त हो जाए, तो उस पर निर्भर परजीवी भी विलुप्त हो सकते हैं।
- If a plant species disappears, its specialized pollinator may also become extinct.
- यदि कोई पौधों की प्रजाति समाप्त हो जाए, तो उसका विशिष्ट परागणकर्ता (Pollinator) भी विलुप्त हो सकता है।
Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
The Evil Quartet concept is discussed in NCERT Class 12 Biology, Chapter: Biodiversity and Conservation.
“ईविल क्वार्टेट” की अवधारणा NCERT कक्षा 12 जीवविज्ञान, अध्याय – जैव विविधता एवं संरक्षण में दी गई है।
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, habitat loss is the single largest cause of species extinction worldwide.
International Union for Conservation of Nature के अनुसार, विश्वभर में प्रजातियों के विलुप्त होने का सबसे बड़ा कारण आवास विनाश है।
Examples of invasive alien species in India include:
- Lantana camara (लैंटाना)
- Parthenium hysterophorus (गाजर घास)
- Water Hyacinth (जलकुंभी)
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