What was the major short – term objective of the stabilization measures in the 1991 reforms?
What was the major short – term objective of the stabilization measures in the 1991 reforms?
1991 के सुधारों में स्थिरीकरण उपायों का मुख्य अल्पकालिक उद्देश्य क्या था?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Privatize public sector units/ सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की इकाइयों का निजीकरण करना
🟢 Explanation
During the 1991 Indian Economic Reforms, India faced a severe Balance of Payments (BoP) crisis and high inflation.
The short-term objective of stabilization measures was to:
- Control inflation (reduce rising prices)
- Restore balance of payments (manage foreign exchange shortage)
These measures included reducing fiscal deficit, devaluing the currency, and controlling government spending to stabilize the economy.
1991 के आर्थिक सुधार के समय भारत गंभीर भुगतान संतुलन (BoP) संकट और उच्च मुद्रास्फीति से जूझ रहा था।
इन स्थिरीकरण उपायों का अल्पकालिक उद्देश्य था:
- मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करना
- भुगतान संतुलन को सुधारना (विदेशी मुद्रा संकट को दूर करना)
इसके लिए राजकोषीय घाटा कम करना, मुद्रा का अवमूल्यन करना और सरकारी खर्च को नियंत्रित करना जैसे कदम उठाए गए।
⭐ Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
- India had foreign exchange reserves for only 2–3 weeks of imports in 1991.
- Gold was pledged to international institutions to raise emergency funds.
- Stabilization (short-term) was followed by structural reforms (long-term) like liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG).
- 1991 में भारत के पास केवल 2–3 सप्ताह के आयात के बराबर विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार था।
- आपातकालीन धन जुटाने के लिए सोना गिरवी रखना पड़ा।
- अल्पकालिक स्थिरीकरण के बाद दीर्घकालिक संरचनात्मक सुधार (LPG नीति) लागू किए गए।
Final Answer:
Control inflation and restore balance of payments / मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करना और भुगतान संतुलन को बहाल करना
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