The Swaran Singh Committee, which recommended the inclusion
The Swaran Singh Committee, which recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties, was set up by whom among the following Indian Prime Ministers?
स्वर्ण सिंह समिति, जिसने मौलिक कर्तव्यों को शामिल करने की अनुशंसा की थी, निम्नलिखित भारतीय प्रधानमंत्रियों में से किसके द्वारा स्थापित की गई थी?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Indira Gandhi/ इंंदिरा गांधी
📘 Explanation / व्याख्या:
The Swaran Singh Committee was set up in 1976 by the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the period of Emergency (1975–77). The committee was formed to review the Constitution and suggest changes.
One of its most important recommendations was the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. Based on this recommendation, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 added Part IVA (Article 51A) to the Indian Constitution, which contains the Fundamental Duties of citizens.
स्वर्ण सिंह समिति की स्थापना वर्ष 1976 में प्रधानमंत्री इंदिरा गांधी द्वारा आपातकाल (1975–77) के दौरान की गई थी। इस समिति का उद्देश्य संविधान की समीक्षा कर उसमें आवश्यक संशोधन सुझाना था।
समिति की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण अनुशंसा थी कि संविधान में मौलिक कर्तव्यों को शामिल किया जाए। इसके आधार पर 42वाँ संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम, 1976 द्वारा संविधान में भाग IVA (अनुच्छेद 51A) जोड़ा गया, जिसमें नागरिकों के मौलिक कर्तव्य दिए गए हैं।
🌟 Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य:
1️⃣ Number of Fundamental Duties
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Initially, 10 Fundamental Duties were added in 1976.
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Later, the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 added the 11th duty (duty of parents to provide education to children aged 6–14 years).
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प्रारंभ में 10 मौलिक कर्तव्य जोड़े गए थे, बाद में 2002 में 11वाँ कर्तव्य जोड़ा गया।
2️⃣ Inspired by which Constitution?
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The concept of Fundamental Duties was inspired by the Constitution of the USSR (Soviet Union).
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मौलिक कर्तव्यों की अवधारणा सोवियत संघ (USSR) के संविधान से प्रेरित है।
3️⃣ Nature of Fundamental Duties
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Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, meaning they are not directly enforceable by courts.
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मौलिक कर्तव्य न्यायालय द्वारा सीधे लागू नहीं कराए जा सकते (अप्रतिदेय हैं)।
4️⃣ Important Articles for Exam
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Article 51A → Fundamental Duties
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Article 19–22 → Fundamental Rights
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Part IV → Directive Principles of State Policy
📌 Quick Revision:
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❌ Morarji Desai → PM after Emergency
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❌ Lal Bahadur Shastri → PM (1964–66)
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❌ Rajiv Gandhi → PM (1984–89)
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✅ Indira Gandhi → Set up Swaran Singh Committee (1976)
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